Ulama in Indonesian Politics: Analysis on the Attitudes of The Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) on the General Elections

Muhammad Asad

Sari


This article discusses the attitudes of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) on Indonesian general elections. It will compare the attitudes of the MUI in the general elections in the New Order and post-New Order era. There are six elections that are to be examined in this article, from 1977 to 2009. This article is based on qualitative research by using a comparative approach, specifically when searching for the difference in the attitude of the MUI in the New Order era and the MUI post-New Order. The data of this research is taken from the official magazine of MUI, Mimbar Ulama from the time it was published in 1975 to 2009. This article argues that the MUI in post-New Order times tried to be a player in the political context while in the New Order era the MUI took a safer stance. Under the New Order regime, the MUI could be regarded as playing safely by supporting the government. This standing is different from the post-New Order period where the MUI attitudes in the general elections are determined by political developments. The MUI changed its attitude both by distancing itself 

Kata Kunci


Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI, the general elections, fatwa, ulama

Teks Lengkap:

PDF

Referensi


Antlov, Hans, and Sven Cederroth. Elections in Indonesia: The New Order and Beyond. London: Routledge, 2021.

Anwar, Dewi Fortuna. “The Habibie Presidency.” In Post Suharto?, Renewal or Chaos. Singapore: KITLV and ISEAS, 1999.

Barton, Greg. Indonesia’s Struggle: Jemaah Islamiyah and the Soul of Islam. Sydney: UNSW Press, 2004.

Boland, B.J. The Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1971.

Dijk, Cees van. “Religious Authority, Politics, and Fatwas.” In Islamic Law in Contemporary Indonesia, Ideas and Institutions, edited by R. Michael Feener and Mark E. Cammack, 44–65. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007.

Dijk, Kees van. “Labelling Indonesian and Malaysian Islam.” In Indonesia - the Presence of The Past, a Festschrift in Honour of Ingris Wessel, edited by Eva Strifeneder and ntje Missbach. Berlin: Regiospectra, 2007.

Effendi, Bachtiar. “MUI Fatwa Is Neither Necessary nor a Priority.” The Jakarta Post. February 6, 2009.

Fealy, Greg. “Islamic Radicalism in Indonesia: The Faltering Revival?” Southeast Asian Affairs January, no. 1 (2004): 104–21.

Gillespie, Piers. “Current Issues in Indonesian Islam: Analysing the 2005 Council of Indonesian Ulama Fatwa No. 7 Opposing Pluralism, Liberalism and Secularism.” Journal of Islamic Studies 18, no. 2 (2007): 202–40.

Hallaq, Wael B. “From Fatwās to Furü: Growth and Change in Islamic Substantive Law.” Islamic Law and Society 1, no. 1 (1994): 29–65.

Haris, Syamsuddin. “PPP and Politics under the New Order.” Prisma - The Indonesian Indicator 49, no. 31 (1990): 31–51.

Hasan, Noorhaidi. “Faith and Politics: The Rise of the Laskar Jihad in the Era of Transition in Indonesia.” Indonesia April, no. 73 (2002): 145–69.

———. Laskar Jihad: Islam, Militancy, and the Quest for Identity in Post-New Order Indonesia. Ithaca, New York: Southeast Asia Program Publications, Cornell University, 2006.

Hasyim, Syafiq. “Majelis Ulama Indonesia and Pluralism in Indonesia.” Philosophy & Social Criticism 41, no. 4–5 (2015): 487–95.

Hefner, Robert. Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2000.

———. “Islam, State, and Civil Society: ICMI and the Struggle for the Indonesian Middle Class.” Indonesia 56, no. October (1993).

Hooker, Michael Barry. “Islam and Medical Science: Evidence from Malaysian and Indonesian Fatāwā, 1960-1995.” Studia Islamika 4, no. 4 (1997): 1–33.

Hosen, Nadirsyah. “Behind the Scenes: Fatwas of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (1975-1998).” Journal of Islamic Studies 15, no. 2 (2004): 147–79.

———. “Religion and the Indonesian Constitution: A Recent Debate.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 36, no. 3 (2005): 419–40.

Ichwan, Nur. “Toward A Puritanical Moderate Islam: The Majelis Ulama Indonesia and the Politics of Religious Orthodoxy.” In Contemporary Developments in Indonesian Islam: Explaining the “Conservative Turn,” edited by Martin Van Bruinessen, 60–104. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2013.

———. “Ulama, State and Politics: MUI after Suharto.” Islamic Law and Society 12, no. 1 (2005): 45–72.

Jahroni, Jajang. Defending the Majesty, Indonesia’s Front Pembela Islam, 1998-2003. Chiang Mai: Asian Muslim Action Network, 2008.

Jones, Sidney. “The Contraction and Expansion of the ‘Umat’ and the Role of the Nahdatul Ulama in Indonesia.” Indonesia, no. 38 (1984): 1–20.

Kaptein, Nico J.G. “The Voice of the Ulamâ’: Fatwas and Religious Authority in Indonesia.” Archives de Sciences Sociales Des Religions 125, no. January-March (2004): 115–30.

Liddle, R. William. “Indonesia in 1987: The New Order at the Height of Its Power.” Asian Survey 28, no. 2 (1988): 180–91.

———. “Indonesia in 1999: Democracy Restored.” Asian Survey 40, no. 1 (2000): 32–42.

Liddle, William. “The Islamic Turn in Indonesia: A Political Explanation.” The Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 3 (1996): 613–34.

Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Fatwa Munas VII Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Jakarta: Majelis Ulama Indonesia, 2005.

———. Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Jakarta: Sekretariat Majelis Ulama Indonesia, 1976.

Mietzner, Marcus. “Comparing Indonesia’s Party Systems of the 1950s and the Post-Suharto Era: From Centrifugal to Centripetal Inter-Party Competition.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 39, no. 3 (2008): 431–53.

Mimbar Ulama. “Pidato Kenegaraan Presiden R.I Di Depan Sidang DPR Tanggal 16 Agustus 1976 Mengenai Pemilu,” April 1977.

———. “Sambutan Presiden Soeharto Kepada Para Peserta Pekan Orientasi Ulama/Khatib Seluruh Indonesia Tanggal 13 December 1976,” April 1977.

Mudzar, Mohammad Atho. Fatwa-Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia: Sebuah Studi Tentang Pemikiran Hukum Islam Di Indonesia, 1975-1988. Jakarta: INIS, 1993.

———. “The ‘Ulama’, the Government, and Society in Modern Indonesia: The Indonesian Council of ‘Ulama ’Revisited”.” In Islam in the Era of Globalization: Muslim Attitudes towards Modernity and Identity. Jakarta: INIS, edited by Johan Meuleman, 315–26, 2001.

Steenbrink, Karel A. “Hamka (1908-1981) and the Integration of the Islamic Ummah of Indonesia.” Studia Islamika 1, no. 3 (1994): 121–47.

Sukma, Rizal. “Indonesian Politics in 2009: Defective Elections, Resilient Democracy.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 45, no. 3 (2009): 317–36.

The Jakarta Post. “Kalla, Din Criticizes Election Edict.” February 7, 2009.

Van Bruinessen, Martin. “Genealogies of Islamic Radicalism in Post-Suharto Indonesia. Southeast Asian Research.” Southeast Asian Research 10, no. 2 (2002): 117–54.

Van der Kroef, Justus M. “Indonesia’s First National Election: A Sociological Analysis.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 16, no. 3 (April 1957): 237–49.

Zenzie, Charles U. “Indonesia’s New Political Spectrum.” Asian Survey 39, no. 2 (1999): 243–64.

Magazine

Mimbar Ulama, no. 09, April 1977

Mimbar Ulama, no. 51, April 1981

Mimbar Ulama, no. 57, April 1982

Mimbar Ulama, no. 115, Maret 1987

Mimbar Ulama, no. 171, April 1992

Mimbar Ulama, no. 178, December 1992

Mimbar Ulama, no. 224, April 1997

Mimbar Ulama, no. 234, February 1998

Mimbar Ulama, No. 242, October 1998

Mimbar Ulama, No. 250, June 1999

Mimbar Ulama, no. 260, April 2000

Mimbar Ulama, no. 264, Agustus 2000

Mimbar Ulama, no. 269, Januari 2001

Mimbar Ulama, no. 274, Juni 2001

Mimbar Ulama, no. 278, October 2001

Mimbar Ulama, no. 307, March 2004

Mimbar Ulama, no. 310, June 2004

Mimbar Ulama, no. 323, Juli 2005

Sinergi Indonesia, 32/III, November 2005.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.30736/adk.v16i1.764

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.


 

 Terindeks pada :