Developing a Digital Book of Proficiency in Writing Scientific Articles with Artificial Intelligence to Improve Elementary Education Students' Scientific Writing Skills
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/atl.v9i1.2405Keywords:
ebook, digital book, scientific writing, artificial intelligence, AI, writing skills, Elementary Education, Ebook, EbookAbstract
The connectivistic learning theory emphasizes the pivotal role of technology in enhancing students' access to resources and skills, particularly in scientific writing. This study employs the ADDIE model to develop a digital book designed to improve the scientific writing competencies of elementary education students. A needs analysis indicated that students have a limited understanding of research methodologies and academic writing, with an average proficiency rate of only 45%. They expressed moderate difficulty in writing scientific articles and requested the development of a user-friendly and visually engaging digital book. In response to these findings, we produced an innovative digital book in HTML5 and PDF formats, featuring clearly defined learning objectives, AI-integrated materials, concise summaries, project assignments, and interactive quizzes. The content encompasses guidance on writing articles, examples of scientific article structures, and techniques for utilizing AI in writing. Validation by five experts yielded a score of 4.35 out of 5, affirming the material's strong content and presentation quality. A pilot study conducted with 26 students demonstrated a high usability score of 4.60, indicating that the digital book effectively enhances students' comprehension and motivation in scientific writing. The results suggest that integrating Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and AI tools can substantially improve students' writing skills and facilitate their navigation through academic challenges
Downloads
References
Afnita, Amir, A., Zuve, F. O., Jasid, A., & Annisa, D. (2021). Digital Book as an Alternative Solution in Learning During the Pandemic in Indonesia. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language, Literature, and Education (ICLLE-4 2021), 604, 7–10. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211201.002
Akın Saygın, D., & Aydın Kabakçı, A. D. (2023). The Use of Controlled Artificial Intelligence as a Co-Author in Academic Article Writing. European Journal of Therapeutics, 29(4), 990–991. https://doi.org/10.58600/EURJTHER1801
Al-Abdullatif, A. M. (2024). Modeling Teachers' Acceptance of Generative Artificial Intelligence Use in Higher Education: The Role of AI Literacy, Intelligent TPACK, and Perceived Trust. Education Sciences, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14111209
Alkharusi, H. (2022). A descriptive Analysis and Interpretation of Data from Likert scales in Educational and Psychological Research. Indian Journal of Psychology and Education, 12(2), 13–16. https://squ.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/a-descriptive-analysis-and-interpretation-of-data-from-likert-sca
Almekhlafi, A. G. (2021). The Effect of E-books on Preservice Student Teachers' Achievement and Perceptions in the United Arab Emirates. Education and Information Technologies, 26(1), 1001–1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10298-x
Al-Mutairi, N. M. (2021). Connectivism Learning Theory to Enhance Higher Education in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 35(1–3), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2021/35.1-3.1197
Alshwairikh, Y. A., Fanton, A. C., Prats, K. A., Burak, M. K., Duguid, M. C., & Rowland, F. E. (2023). Habits and Attitudes Toward Writing Affect the Publication Output of Environmental Biology Trainees. Ecosphere, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/ECS2.4664
Altmäe, S., Sola-Leyva, A., & Salumets, A. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Writing: A Friend or a Foe? Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 47(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RBMO.2023.04.009
Arifa, D., Sari, N. W., Widodo, S. T., & Aniswatin, N. (2023). Pengembangan Buku Ajar Norma dan Penerapannya berbasis Kearifan Lokal Semarang untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V. Joyful Learning Journal, 12(3), 152–159. https://doi.org/10.15294/JLJ.V12I3.76568
Asrowi, A., Hadaya, A., & Hanif, M. (2019). The Impact of Using the Interactive E-Book on Students' Learning Outcomes. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), 709–722. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12245a
Atay, B., & Sumuer, E. (2021). College students' Readiness for Connectivist Learning: the Development and Validation of a Scale. International Journal of Information and Learning Technology, 38(2), 230–242. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJILT-12-2019-0124
Aure, P. A., & Cuenca, O. (2024). Fostering Social-Emotional Learning through Human-Centered Use of Generative AI in Business Research Education: an Insider Case Study. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 17(2), 168–181. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-03-2024-0076
Batubara, H. H., Noor, H., Siregar, P., Al Ihwanah, Husni, M., Wibowo, D. R., Maghfurin, A., & Ariani, D. N. (2023). Developing a Mobile-Assisted Project-Based Learning Model for a Learning Media Course. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM), 17(17), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJIM.V17I17.41705
Batubara, H. H., Sumantri, M. S., & Marini, A. (2022). Developing an Android-Based E-Textbook to Improve Learning Media Course Outcomes. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 16(17), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i17.33137
Batubara, H. H., Sumantri, M. S., & Marini, A. (2023). Media Pembelajaran Komprehensif. CV Graha Edu.
Beneroso, D., & Robinson, J. (2022). Online project-based learning in engineering design: Supporting the acquisition of design skills. Education for Chemical Engineers, 38(October 2021), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2021.09.002
Boyraz, S., & Ocak, G. (2021). Connectivism: A Literature Review for the New Pathway of Pandemic Driven Education. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(3). https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT21MAR630.pdf
Bozkurt, A., & Bozkaya, M. (2015). Evaluation Criteria for Interactive E-Books for Open and Distance Learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(5), 58–82. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v16i5.2218
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach (Vol. 722). Springer Science & Business Media.
Cintamulya, I., Mawartiningsih, L., & Warli, W. (2023). The Effect of Optimizing Digital and Information Literacy in Writing Scientific Articles on Students' Critical Thinking Skills. Al-Ishlah, 15(2), 1987–1998. https://doi.org/10.35445/ALISHLAH.V15I2.3062
Dewi, P. S. (2021). E-Learning : Penerapan Project Based Learning pada Mata Kuliah Media Pembelajaran. PRISMA, 10(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.35194/jp.v10i1.1012
Drolia, M., Sifaki, E., Papadakis, S., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2020). An Overview of Mobile Learning for Refugee Students: Juxtaposing Refugee Needs with Mobile Applications’ Characteristics. Challenges, 11(2), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/challe11020031
Elbadawi, M., Li, H., Basit, A. W., & Gaisford, S. (2024). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Generating Original Scientific Research. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 652, 123741–123741. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPHARM.2023.123741
Eppler, E., Meyer, J., Serowy, S., Link, K., Pauk, B., & Filgueira, L. (2021). Enhancing Scientific Communication Skills: A Real-World Simulation in a Tertiary-Level Life Science Class Using E-Learning Technology in Biomedical Literature Perception, Reflective Review Writing on a Clinical Issue, and Self and Peer Assessments. Research in Science Education, 51(2), 277–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11165-018-9795-7
Gao, M., Kortum, P., & Oswald, F. (2018). Psychometric Evaluation of the USE (Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use) Questionnaire for Reliability and Validity. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 62(1), 1414–1418. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621322
Getahun, B. S., Amollo, O. P., Kamau, M. J., & Lilian, G. K. (2022). Instructional Content and Quality of Business Studies Textbook in Secondary Schools in Kenya. International Journal of Educational Technology and Learning, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55217/101.V12I1.498
Gomez-del Rio, T., & Rodriguez, J. (2022). Design and Assessment of a Project-based Learning in a Laboratory for Integrating Knowledge and Improving Engineering Design Skills. Education for Chemical Engineers, 40(February), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2022.04.002
Gr. Voskoglou, M. (2022). Connectivism vs Traditional Theories of Learning. American Journal of Educational Research, 10(4), 257–261. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-10-4-15
Gunnars, F. (2021). A Large-Scale Systematic Review Relating Behaviorism to Research of Digital Technology in Primary Education. Computers and Education Open, 2, 100058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100058
Guo, P., Saab, N., Post, L. S., & Admiraal, W. (2020). A Review of Project-Based Learning in Higher Education: Student Outcomes and Measures. International Journal of Educational Research, 102(May), 101586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101586
Harasim, L. (2017). Learning Theories: The Role of Epistemology, Science, and Technology. In Learning, Design, and Technology (pp. 1–39). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17727-4_48-1
Hari, H., Sharma, A., Verma, S., & Chaturvedi, R. (2025). Exploring Ethical Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence in Marketing. Journal of Responsible Technology, 21, 100103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRT.2024.100103
Heriyudananta, M. (2021). Analisis Kompetensi Menulis Karya Tulis Ilmiah Mahasiswa di Indonesia. Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture, and Social Studies, 1(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.53754/ISCS.V1I1.5
Hernawan, H., Anshari, D., Syihabuddin, S., & Mulyati, Y. (2023). Exploring the Profile of Scientific Article Writing Ability Among Tertiary Students: Insights from Five Institutions in Indonesia. International Journal of Education, 16(2), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.17509/IJE.V16I2.57357
Hosseini, M., Resnik, D. B., & Holmes, K. (2023). The Ethics of Disclosing the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Writing Scholarly Manuscripts. Research Ethics Review, 19(4), 449–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161231180449
Indriyani, V., Ningsih, A. G., Henanggil, M. D. F., & Fathia, W. (2023). The Effect of PjBL with Oral Corrective Feedback on Student Scientific Article Writing Skills. Ta’dib, 26(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.31958/jt.v26i1.8652
Irma Arifah, & Suprapti Suprapti. (2024). Analisis Kemampuan Mahasiswa dalam Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Melalui Perspektif Literasi Data di Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Yudistira, 2(3), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.61132/YUDISTIRA.V2I3.1168
Ismi Adnin, & Sapriya. (2024). The Urgency of Implementing Artificial Intelligence-based Project Learning in The 21st Century. International Student Conference on Business, Education, Economics, Accounting, and Management (ISC-BEAM), 2(1), 369–377. https://doi.org/10.21009/ISC-BEAM.012.26
Kang, Y.-Y., Wang, M.-J. J., & Lin, R. (2009). Usability Evaluation of E-books. Displays, 30(2), 49–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2008.12.002
Karakose, T., Polat, H., & Papadakis, S. (2021). Examining teachers’ perspectives on school principals’ digital leadership roles and technology capabilities during the covid-19 pandemic. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313448
Khalifa, M., & Albadawy, M. (2024). Using Artificial Intelligence in Academic Writing and Research: An Essential Productivity Tool. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update, 5, 100145–100145. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CMPBUP.2024.100145
Kim, H. (2024). Does Beauty Matter to Service Consumers? The Influence of Visual Appeal on Self-Service Technology (SST) Acceptance. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2357910
Kismiati, D. A. (2024). Exploring The Barriers of Biology Education Students in Writing Scientific Papers. Deleted Journal, 5(1), 1109–1116. https://doi.org/10.62775/EDUKASIA.V5I1.973
Koga, S. (2023). The Integration of Large Language Models Such as ChatGPT in Scientific Writing: Harnessing Potential and Addressing Pitfalls. Korean Journal of Radiology, 24(9), 924–925. https://doi.org/10.3348/KJR.2023.0738
Kogan, G., Chassidim, H., & Rabaev, I. (2024). The Efficacy of Animation and Visualization in Teaching Data Structures: A Case Study. Educational Technology Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11423-024-10382-W
Koromila, G. (2024). Generative Artificial Intelligence and University Study: A Guide for Students by the Study Advice Team at the University of Reading. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 32. https://doi.org/10.47408/JLDHE.VI32.1474
Kyselova, O. (2024). Implementing Project-Based Learning Using Artificial Intelligence. Problemi Sučasnih Transformacìj. Serìâ: Pedagogìka, 4. https://doi.org/10.54929/2786-9199-2024-4-06-02
Liu, X., & Li, H. (2021). A Preliminary Study on Connectivism—Constructivism Learning Theory Based on Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience and Spiking Neural Network. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(08), 874–884. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2021.118064
Lund, A. M. (2001). Measuring Usability with the USE Questionnaire. Usability Interface, 8(2), 3–6. www.stcsig.org/usability/newsletter/index.html
Mamolo, L. A. (2019). Development of Digital Interactive Math Comics (DIMaC) for Senior High School Students in General Mathematics. Cogent Education, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2019.1689639
Martiani, M. (2021). Kemandirian Belajar Melalui Metode Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Pada Mata Kuliah Media Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani. In EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN (Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 480–486). Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i2.337
Masa’deh, R., Alhadid, I., Abu-Taieh, E., Khwaldeh, S., Alrowwad, A., & Alkhawaldeh, R. S. (2022). Factors Influencing Students' Intention to Use E-Textbooks and Their Impact on Academic Achievement in Bilingual Environment: An Empirical Study Jordan. Information (Switzerland), 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/info13050233
Mehta, V., Thomas, V., & Mathur, A. (2024). AI-dependency in scientific writing. Oral Oncology, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OOR.2024.100269
Mpuangnan, K. N., Mhlongo, H. R., & Govender, S. (2023). Managing Solid Waste in School Environment through Composting Approach. Journal of Integrated Elementary Education, 3(1), 34–57. https://doi.org/10.21580/jieed.v3i1.16003
Mukhlis, M. (2024). The Effect of ChatGPT-Based Project-Based Learning Model and Digital Literacy on News Text Writing Skills. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(3), 1353–1365. https://doi.org/10.33394/JOLLT.V12I3.11433
Mutma’innah, F., & Hamimi, E. (2024). Development of PBL-Based GLOWASEA (Global Warming on the Sea) Educational Media to Train Critical Thinking Skills on the Topic of Global Warming. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM), 18(09), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJIM.V18I09.48097
Nam Chi, N. T., Thi Thuy, T., & Nhan Ai, N. (2024). Exploring Factors Influencing Students’ Challenges in Academic Writing: A Qualitative Analysis Based on Student Perspectives. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(3), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049X.2024.4.3.2737
Nissa, I. C., Febrilia, B. R. A., & Pangga, D. (2023). Uji Keterbacaan Buku Ajar Matematika Dasar untuk Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika. Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran Matematika, 2(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.31980/PME.V2I1.1394
Nurhayati, D. (2017). Pengembangan Buku Digital Interaktif Mata Kuliah Pengembangan E-Learning pada Mahasiswa Teknologi Pendidikan FIP UNY. E-Jurnal Skripsi Program Studi Teknologi Pendidikan, 6(5), 458–473.
Nurvidia, D. S., & Yulianto, S. (2024). Developing Digital Pocketbook Interactive Based on HTML-5 to Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes. Journal of Integrated Elementary Education, 4(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.21580/JIEED.V4I2.21789
Paas, F., & Ayres, P. (2014). Cognitive Load Theory: A Broader View on the Role of Memory in Learning and Education. Educational Psychology Review, 26(2), 191–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-014-9263-5
Papadakis, S., Trampas, A. M., Barianos, A. K., Kalogiannakis, M., & Vidakis, N. (2020). Evaluating the learning process: The “Thimeledu” Educational Game Case Study. CSEDU 2020 - Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 2, 290–298. https://doi.org/10.5220/0009379902900298
Pashkov, M. V., & Pashkova, V. M. (2022). Problems and Risks of Digitalization in Higher Education. Vysšee Obrazovanie v Rossii, 31(3), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2022-31-22-3-40-57
Pitychoutis, K. M. (2024). Harnessing AI Chatbots for EFL Essay Writing: A Paradigm Shift in Language Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.31235/OSF.IO/XRVTH
Pratiwi, N. (2021). The effect of PjBL Model toward PGSD Student's Ability in Conducting Research of natural science. Jurnal Prima Edukasia. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jpe/article/view/33695
Rachmadtullah, R., Tanod, M. J. T. M. J., Rasmitadila., R., Irawan, N., McNeilly, A., & Suharni, S. (2024). Elementary School Teachers’ Perspectives on Utilizing Artificial Intelligence for Developing Learning Media. Journal of Integrated Elementary Education, 4(1), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.21580/JIEED.V4I1.21994
Rusdi, M. (2019). Penelitian Desain dan Pengembangan Kependidikan: Konsep, Prosedur dan Sintesis Pengetahuan Baru (1st ed.). Rajawali Pers.
Sara, B., & Aida, D. (2024). Challenges of Adhering to Scientific Research Ethics in the Artificial Intelligence Applications- A Study on A Sample of Algerian Researchers. South Florida Journal of Development, 5(10), e4550. https://doi.org/10.46932/SFJDV5N10-052
Sari, H. E., Tumanggor, B., & Efron, D. (2024). Improving Educational Outcomes Through Adaptive Learning Systems Using AI. International Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, 3(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.33050/ITALIC.V3I1.647
Setyawati, Y. F., & Fitriani, U. A. (2023). Materials Analysis of the English Textbook for the Tenth Grade Students In Indonesian ELT Context. Transformational Language, Literature, and Technology Overview in Learning (Transtool), 3(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.55047/TRANSTOOL.V3I1.1345
Sofya, R., Yulhendri, Y., Ritonga, M., & Sofia, N. (2021). Students Engagement dan Learning Performance Mahasiswa Pada Mata Kuliah Media Pembelajaran Ekonomi yang menerapkan Metode Project Based Learning. In Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Ekonomi (JIPE) (Vol. 11, Issue 1, p. 82). Universitas Negeri Padang. https://doi.org/10.24036/011123450
Suryani, N., Setiawan, A., & Putria, A. (2018). Media Pembelajaran Inovatif dan Pengembangannya. PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=1134183
Tsai, C. A., Song, M. Y. W., Lo, Y. F., & Lo, C. C. (2023). Design Thinking with Constructivist Learning Increases the Learning Motivation and Wicked Problem-solving Capability- An Empirical Research in Taiwan. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TSC.2023.101385
Tumiran, M. A., Mohammad, N., & Bahri, S. (2024). Implications of Leveraging AI in Students' Academic Writing: A Review Analysis. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 9(8), e002954–e002954. https://doi.org/10.47405/MJSSH.V9I8.2954
Wajdi, M., Susanto, B., Sutiarso, M. A., & Hadi, W. (2024). Profile of Generation Z Characteristics: Implications for Contemporary Educational Approaches. Kajian Pendidikan, Seni, Budaya, Sosial dan Lingkungan, 1(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.58881/KPSBSL.V1I1.8
Wang, Y. (2022). Research on the Implications of Constructivism to Education. Proceedings of the 2022 8th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2022), 664(Ichssr), 2793–2797. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220504.507
Wang, Z. P., Bhandary, P., Wang, Y., & Moore, J. H. (2024). Using GPT-4 to Write a Scientific Review Article: A Pilot Evaluation Study. Biodata Mining, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S13040-024-00371-3
Yelliza, Y. (2024). Unveiling The Challenge of Student Scientific Writing: A Need Analysis. Journal of English Language Teaching Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Seni Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris IKIP Mataram, 11(1), 119–119. https://doi.org/10.33394/JO-ELT.V11I1.11341
Yildirim, N., Pushkarna, M., Goyal, N., Wattenberg, M., & Viégas, F. (2023). Investigating How Practitioners Use Human-AI Guidelines: A Case Study on the People + AI Guidebook. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, 13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580900
Zakharova, A., & Podvesovskii, A. (2021). Application of Visual-Cognitive Approach to Decision Support for Concept Development in Systems Engineering. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 54(13), 482–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.10.495
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hamdan Husein Batubara
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
The journal allow the authors to hold the copyright without restrictions and allow the authors to retain publishing rights without restrictions. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
The journal allows third parties (readers, researchers, and others) to share and adapt the material in line with the license. In addition, the material must be given appropriate credit, provided with a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If authors remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original.
